Центральный научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения известный как ЦНИИмаш заявил, что сейчас сильно засорена низкоорбитальная область околоземного космического пространства. Это зона до двух тысяч километров, которая чаще всего используется для работы космических аппаратов.
По словам начальника информационно-аналитического центра АО «ЦНИИмаш» Игоря Бакараса, в низкоорбитальной области по их наблюдениям находятся более трёх тысяч космических аппаратов, которые функционируют, и около 14 тысяч объектов космического мусора размером более десяти сантиметров.
Но это конечно не весь космический мусор. Он есть и в области средневысоких орбит высотой около 20 тысяч километров — там около 500 объектов космического мусора. Они представляют опасность для 150 функционирующих космических аппаратов. «В области геостационарных и высокоэллиптических орбит суммарно находится более 600 действующих космических аппаратов и более 1500 объектов космического мусора», — добавил Бакарас в интервью ТАСС.
Общее количество объектов размером более 10 сантиметров, которые находятся в околоземном космическом пространстве, превышает 24 500, из них объектов космического мусора насчитывается порядка 18 300. А это примерно 75 процентов от общего числа наблюдаемых космических объектов. Однако эти объекты, как пояснил специалист, находятся под контролем автоматизированной системой предупреждения об опасных ситуациях в околоземном космическом пространстве.
Космическим мусором считаются искусственные объекты и их фрагменты в космосе, которые уже неисправны, не функционируют и никогда более не смогут служить никаким полезным целям. При этом они опасны для функционирующих космических аппаратов (КА), особенно пилотируемых. В некоторых случаях объекты космического мусора могут представлять прямую опасность и для Земли.
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